Conservation experts are exploring ways to protect the thriving, pristine sources of some of Africa’s most iconic rivers in Southeast Angola, to maintain their condition for the benefit of nature and communities in the region.
The origins of these rivers, include the Cubango-Okavango, Cuando, and Zambezi Rivers in the highlands of Angola. The basins are is recognised among the five high biodiversity and largely intact wilderness areas globally. Their sources support rich biodiversity, vital wetlands, and provide immense social and cultural value. By investing in protection and sustainable land use management measures, Angola has the rare opportunity to safeguard these rivers at relatively low cost compared to restoring them when degraded, while promoting nature-based economic activities like ecotourism.
The initiative is led by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the World-Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Office for Administration of Cunene River Basin (GABHIC) and the National Institute of Water Resources (INRH). Current conservation interests in Angola include source water protection, rezoning of Mavinga and Luengue-Luiana National Parks, and exploring the establishment of community-based conservation and co-management areas.
Narciso Ambrósio, the National Institute of Water Resources (INRH) representative said, “In the face of rapidly changing conditions, we stand at a pivotal moment for the conservation of Southeast Angola’s pristine river sources. Our commitment at the Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hídricos is to ensure that these vital ecosystems not only continue to thrive but also benefit the communities that rely on them. By prioritizing sustainable management and protection measures, we are safeguarding our natural heritage for future generations. This initiative is not merely about conserving water resources; it is about preserving our identity, our culture, and our shared economic future.”
TNC and WWF have been working on the Southeast Angola and Source Water Conservation Planning Initiative that is assembling a comprehensive suite of data and information to support conservation plans for government institutions to make informed decisions about where, why, and how to invest in conservation. As part of this initiative, a workshop has kicked off today in Luanda to engage players on refining conservation strategies and set implementation pathways.
Speaking during the workshop, GABHIC representative Carolino Mendes said: We need to act now on implementing conservation measures in Southeast Angola that balance environmental and social needs. As we move forward with our ambitious conservation agenda, we recognize that preservation of our natural resources is not just an environmental imperative but also a vital component of our national identity and shared economic future. By safeguarding our biodiversity and ensuring the sustainable management of our ecosystems, we are investing in the health and prosperity of our communities for generations to come”.
Southeast Angola supports some of Africa’s most significant river systems, contributing an estimated 120 to 150 km³ of surface runoff annually, or approximately 8,000 to 10,000 m³ of water per inhabitant per year according to Angola’s IWRM Survey and Status Report. The Cubango-Okavango basin alone is crucial for sustaining a diverse array of wildlife, including one of the largest contiguous populations of African elephants, and providing essential freshwater resources for local communities’ domestic and agricultural use. Angola’s biodiversity is exceptional, with over 1,260 endemic plant species and 275 mammal species, such as the famous Giant Sable, Red Buffalo, and Savanna Elephant. The rivers also have significant social and cultural value and hold untapped potential for supporting economic development through nature-based industries such as ecotourism.
However, conditions in the region are rapidly changing including proposed river infrastructure like hydropower dams and diversions, persistent deforestation, and a growing concentration of human activity along major rivers and waterways that can stress the freshwater systems. Poverty rates are also high and local communities need opportunities post-conflict to improve their lives and livelihoods.
Speaking during the workshop, TNC’s, Colin Apse said, “Unlike many rivers and lakes in the world that are amongst the most degraded ecosystems, the rivers in Southeast Angola are in remarkably good ecological condition, meaning we have a unique opportunity to maintain these thriving ecosystems for the benefit of nature and people. By investing in the protection of these natural resources today, we can ensure a sustainable future for both people and wildlife in Southeast Angola and this initiative represents a significant step towards achieving that goal.”
Moses Nyirenda, Chief Conservation Officer, WWF emphasized the importance of this initiative: “The health of our planet depends on healthy ecosystems. We must act urgently to protect these vital natural resources not only for wildlife but also for the communities that depend on them. Sustainable management of our rivers is essential for ensuring water security and biodiversity in Angola.
The Association for the Conservation of the Environment and Integrated Rural Development been instrumental in promoting community-led conservation efforts. Their work has improved local fishing practices significantly raising average fish catches from 3 kg/day to 12 kg/day by implementing sustainable fishing cooperatives. This model has not only enhanced food security but is also empowering communities to engage actively in the stewardship of their natural resources.
The two-day Southeast Angola and Source Water Conservation Planning Workshop also serves as a platform for feedback on spatial plans that have been developed during this initiative.
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